4th Semester RSGE

• Introduction to signals, type of signals, analogue and digital signals, continuous and discrete signals, causality, digitalization, periodicity, time invariance. • Convolution and its properties, (1D and 2D/nD singals), non-linear convolution, geometric and morphological filters, morphology by reconstruction. • Frequency Transformations, Fourier, (discrete, continuous,) Dirac, FFT, DCT., wavelet, KL transform. • z Transfrom, FIR and IIR filters, Low/high pass filters, frequency analysis. • Linear regression, AR, MA & ARMA models, optimization techniques suing least square, Yule Walker equations, recursion, Newton-Rapson. • Clustering, k-means algorithm and its property, dense-based clustering, spectral clustering. • Template matching, image/signal matching, nosie removal and smoothing, pont detection and disparity field estimation.

Geological environment: Structure, surface processes, tectonic plates, seismicity, local stress, hydrological conditions. Geotechnical description of rocks and soils: Rock structure, discontinuities, rock mass, stereographic projection, mechanical properties, classification systems. Soil structure, nomenclature, classification, technical characteristics, field identification. Applications of Geotechnical Engineering: Slopes - morphology, landslides, risk assessment. Underground works: Methods of analysis, drilling methods, estimation of displacements. Road construction works: retaining walls, tunnels, embankments. Hydraulic works: Stability of dikes, small dam reservoirs.

This course focuses on the teaching of the English language, including grammar and syntactic structures, with practice in understanding and using both spoken and written English. The course aims to teach English with a focus on raising students awareness of its use across various communicative situations and social contexts (developing language awareness). Additional goals include: • Expanding vocabulary through authentic texts. • Practising grammatical and syntactic structures. • Developing comprehension and usage skills in both spoken and written English. Key focus areas: a) Understanding written texts (from a variety of sources). b) Language awareness (grammar and vocabulary). c) Written production. The course targets a C1 level of proficiency, as defined by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: • Comprehend a wide range of demanding texts and recognise implied meanings. • Express themselves fluently and spontaneously without frequent noticeable effort to search for expressions. • Use the language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. • Produce clear, well-structured and detailed texts on complex topics, demonstrating controlled use of organisational patterns, cohesive devices and coherence mechanisms. Skills acquired upon completion of the course: • Understanding and producing vocabulary relevant to everyday life in English. • Using appropriate grammatical and syntactic structures according to the genre. • Comprehending written texts (via comprehension questions). • Producing written texts (via production activities). • Translating (both spoken and written) concepts between the native and foreign language.

LECTURES 1.Basic concepts (space, time, events, processes), from concepts to data, spatial and non-spatial properties and relations. 2.Spatial data sources and collection technologies 3.Spatial data models (field-based, object-based). 4.Georeference and Spatial data transformations. 5.Vector and raster spatial data structures. 6. Topology – topological relations and computations. 7.3D spatial data modeling. 8.Elements of spatial databases – accuracy and quality of spatial data. 9.Scale and detail – geometric and conceptual generalization/specialization of spatial data. 10. Methods of spatial data integration. 11. Elements of spatial analysis (2D & 2.5D). 12. Visualization of spatial data 13. GIS web-based applications LABORATORY EXERCISES A modular project involving the development of a spatial database of a settlement with real data at 2 scales involving: data collection, processing, vector and raster structures, topological analysis, terrain analysis, data transformations, data integration, and visualization using ArcGIS and QGIS software (13 weeks)

• Introduction to Remote Sensing and Photointerpretation: Fundamental concepts, principles, methods, techniques, and applications. • Satellite Data Collection and Open-Source Geospatial Databases • Physical and Spectral Principles of Remote Sensing • Remote Sensing Sensors and Data Acquisition Systems: o Heterogeneous remote sensing systems: satellite, aerial, terrestrial, marine, and underwater. o Manned and unmanned systems. o Optical, multispectral, hyperspectral, thermal, radar, and LIDAR sensors. o Advantages and limitations of each system. • Preprocessing of Remote Sensing Data: o Histograms, multispectral images, and pseudocolor composites. • Photointerpretation Fundamentals: o Photo-identification elements, keys, and land use/land cover mapping systems. • Methodology for Analysis and Interpretation: o Spectral signatures and thematic class statistics. o Band ratios and spectral indices. • Automation Techniques: Object and thematic category detection. • Change Detection and Time-Series Analysis • Practical Applications: o Road construction, hydraulic and irrigation works. o Spatial planning and urban development. o Geology, soil science, and water resource management. • Advancements and Future Prospects in Remote Sensing Systems and Sensors

The course focuses on all topics related to the geometric design and construction of highways. Its detailed contents are as follows: Introduction – road geometry basics Highway Categorization Vehicle kinematics and braking Pavement friction Horizontal alignment elements and design parameters Vertical alignment and design parameters Highway Superelevation Highway Cross sections Highway braking and overtaking visibility Earthworks Highway budgeting

Fieldwork is carried out by groups of students. The range of field work includes the following:  Identification and localization of the area, where the fieldwork will be done by each group. Condensation of the existing Trigonometric Network (with classical topographic methods and satellite techniques).  Polygonometry (installation, measurements of traverse elements).  Direct leveling and Trigonometric levelling at the new trigonometric points that were established as well as at the peaks of the traverse.  Capture with the method polar coordinates, the points of the existing works, and the characteristic points of the ground to render the topographic relief of the area on a scale of 1:500.  Marking within the area of a building block (BB). For this purpose: 1) Marking on the ground the intersections of the BB. 2) Measurement of the height differences between the intersections with leveling methods. 3) Engraving on the ground of the peaks of the BB  With given geometric elements for each group, determination in the field of the primary points of a circular arc in one of the sides of the BB  Obtaining elevation data on the axis of the roads surrounding the BB for drawing up an elevational study of the road (sections and cross-sections at predetermined positions). Each team will get data for as many cross-sections as there are team members  Outline a building plan with a rectangular cross-section and obtain data to determine the excavation volume Office duties include:  Calculation of coordinates of waypoints  Calculation of drawing elements  Calculation of areas and volumes  Creation of a topographical map  Submission of a technical report