6th Semester RSGE

In case a student selects to take this class, his goal will be to make himself familiar with important notions that urban geography studies. Such a notion is about urban problems related to urban development that is usually without a plan. Taking into account that a major topic related to urban space has to do with social and spatial morphologies, they are studied in detail. The second part of this module has to do with mobility aspects and the way mobility is expressed in urban space. Geography of the various means of transport in relation to urban form, the network theory and transport planning as well as accessibility are also studied. At this point, coursework that are conducted during the semester focus on investigating the spatial-social structure of cities.For instance, topics that may examined might be: the dynamics of land use formation, the significance of economic activities in land values in the formation of settlements and cities, the spread of incompatible uses and activities in residential areas as well as their relationship with pre-existing or non-existing degradation tendencies. Some main sections might be: Introduction (definition, method of study and basic concepts of Urban Geography), The residential network (1. Process of Urbanization, 2. Hierarchy of cities and areas of influence, 3. Interactions of cities, 4. Theory of the economic base and evolution of cities , 5. Urban Change and emerging urban forms), The City as a system (1. Urban Land Uses, 2. Land rent 3. Geographical distribution of commercial and secondary activities, 4. The boundary of the city and rural surroundings), Problems found in urban space (1 .Problems of housing in the city, 2. Social problems in the urban area), Transportation and Mobility within the city, European cities, Problems of the Greek urban space, Urban Governance.

The course includes concepts and methodological tools for the analysis and design of hydraulic structures ofclosed pipelines and open channels. The following items are included: • Introduction to real fluids, viscosity and shear stress. Flow Classification and Reynolds Number (Reynolds Device). • Flow in closed pipelines: Steady laminar flow inside a pipe. Boundary layer theory. Turbulent flow. Friction factor and semi-empirical Darcy-Weisbach equation. Colebrook-White equation. Linear and local losses. Moody chart. Closed pipeline systems. Calculation of pump pressure head. Introduction to distribution networks. • Flow in open channels: Total and Specific Energy in open channels. Critical, supercritical, subcritical flow. Velocity distribution in cross-sections of open channels. Manning equation. Equations St. Venant. Flow control points. Uniform and non-uniform flow in open channels. Hydraulic jump. Control structures. Spillways. • Examples, Exercises, Applications

Satellite Photogrammetry: Introduction – Very high resolution satellites - Image Georeferencing – Intersection using satellite images Accuracies of photogrammetric procedures Multi-image processing Structure-from-Motion Image matching 3D reconstruction: MVS – Depth map – Dense point cloud - 3D models Dense image matching: Methods – Algorithms – Disparity map Reconstruction procedures – Texture map - Photorealistic representation Terrestrial scanning systems (laser scanners, structure light scanners) - SLAM

The objective of this module is the investigation of the procedures through which the various planning problems as well as the programming and development of residential areas and systems are faced.Taking into account that a residential system consists of economic, social and political factors, a special reference is made in their constitution. More specific, four are the main thematic areas in which this module focuses on: A. Theoretical background: 1. Introduction to Development and Typology of Settlements. An urban area in terms of its function, 2. Limits of settlements, 3. Constructions in places that are not located within the settlement limit and informal housing phenomenon, 4. Settlement Hierarchy. B. Settlement network in Greece: 1. History of the settlement network, 2. Its today structure, 3. Vacation settlements, 4. The urban history of Athens. C. Setting a limit in settlements. D. Developmental issues derived by planning of the settlement networks Apart from the theoretical knowledge, there is also an applied part. It usually contains two parts: The first one is about a study for demarcating a settlement. The second one has to do with the implementation of a small-scale spatial plan for the municipality in which the settlement studied belongs to. Thus, through the coursework students can learn not only to conduct a demarcation study but also how a plan for the regulation of a municipality can be implemented.

Basic concepts and fields of applications in satellite geodesy. Introduction to GPS and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) - Gallileo, GLONASS, Beidou. Satellite and GPS signal structure. Measurement of pseudo-distance, Absolute satellite positioning. Satellite orbits, Kepler s laws calculation of satellite orbits. Satellite receivers, tracking loops, GNSS antennas, field procedures. Basic wave and signal principles in satellite geodesy. Introduction to phase observation. Phase observation equation, phase ambiguities. Relative satellite tracking principle. Linear combinations of primary phase measurements. Satellite-based resolution methods. Types and techniques of related satellite tracking. Topographic surveying with satellite geodesy techniques. Differential GPS (DGPS). Post Processing Kinematic (PPK), Real Time Kinematic (RTK) techniques. Sources of satellite tracking errors, track errors, chronometer errors, ionospheric / tropospheric errors, multi-reflection errors. Quality measures of absolute and relative satellite positioning. Reliability and quality checks. Specifications for the execution and control of geodetic works. Introduction to satellite networks, field measurements and network resolution methods. Introduction to satellite tracking network techniques.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are information systems whose main objective is to support Planning, through the input, management, and analysis of data as well as their visualization. The educational process of the course focuses on covering the basic methods, techniques, and tools of geographic data analysis, both in a vector data environment and in a raster data environment. Emphasis is placed on the application of the above methods through a real-life example - a Planning problem. The course consists of theoretical lectures aimed at presenting the theoretical background and basic concepts of spatial analysis using GIS and the elaboration of a modular topic, which consists of individual exercises. Includes hands-on practice and familiarization with GIS software. Also, at the end of the semester, the course includes the presentation by the students of the topics being prepared. The main parts of the course are as follows: Geographic Information Systems typical Project Design - Design and implementation of a Geographic Database - Data management – Vector Data analysis (buffer / overlay) - Raster data Analysis (Euclidean distance, weithed overlay) - Visualization of the results – Process modelling

General method of adjustment, Examples Estimation of the vector of best values of the parameters, residuals Estimates of variances Special methods of adjustments, Examples Method of mixed equations in linear and non-linear problems Statistical tests of measurements Statistical distributions, Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing Systematic error control Internal accuracy control Adjustment of geodetic networks, Summary Reference system of a network Error ellipses and error ellipsoids, Topocentric networks Optimization of geodetic networks Introduction to network optimization Statistical tests of measurements Sequential adjustments Sequential corrections to the method of indirect measurements Sequential corrections to the general method Kalman procedure Bayesian procedure Introduction to the Kalman Filter Primary, Secondary model Applications Introduction to least squares collocation method Covariance function, Covariance matrix Least-squares linear interpolation or prediction Filtering Solving problems for large number of measurements Development of algorithms in a programming environment Applications of adjustments to problems in geoinformatics

• The main subject of the course Land Surveying II, includes among others: o The establishment, measurement & resolution of one-dimensional, two-dimensional & three-dimensional networks o The establishment, measurement & solution of traverses o The complete topographic map of a specific area o Measurements by satellite methods (e.g. GNSS receivers). Planning, organization, execution, and measurements for the establishment of precise networks by satellite methods o Reductions and calculations in the geodetic ellipsoid and 3D space. Resolving bases measured with GNSS receivers o Gravity measurements, determination of a local geoid model o Processing measurements using suitable software

This course focuses on topics and tools related to transportation planning, analysis and evaluation of passenger and freight transportation systems: Its detailed contents are as follows: • Introduction to Transportation Planning • Transportation Planning Models • Travel Demand Modeling - The four-step process in Travel Demand Modeling • Trip Generation – Theory and Applications • Trip Distribution - Theory and Applications • Mode Choice - Theory and Applications • Discrete Choice models • Traffic Assignment - Theory and Applications • Transportation Planning Software • Real World Application of the Four-Step Process • Advanced topics and simulation • Sustainability and low speed modes.

Introduction – Elements of geomorphology. Statistical analysis of hydrologic information. Precipitation measurement – Precipitation gauging stations - Precipitation gauging networks. Analysis of rainfall observations. Rainfall excess. Hydrometry – Hydrometric networks. Processing of hydrometric observations. Flood flows. Unit Hydrograph, Synthetic Unit Hydrographs. Flood routing - Hydrologic and hydraulic methods. Drought analysis and assessment.

1st Section – Special surveying methods • Urban Surveying methods using new technologies o Real estate title applications o Applications of charts o Implementation Acts • Land records • Underground surveying methods (caves, catacombs, tunnels, etc.) o Implementation & measurement of networks using inertial systems o Azimuth measurement & gyroscope o Modern systems of surveying (laser scanner) • Underwater surveying methods (underwater ancient settlements, shipwrecks) o Analysis of imaging methods (3D) • Kinematic capture using special platforms o Principle of operation o Applications • Imprints of buildings, technical works, monuments and monumental complexes o Special techniques o Challenges o Applications • Modern sensors to monitor deformations o Operating principles o Applications 2nd Section – Metrology (Geodetic Metrology) • Definitions (About Metrology) • Detailed presentation of the standards of the ISO 17123 series, 2-3-4-5 • Detailed presentation of the standards of the ISO 17123 series, 6-7-8-9 • Statistical hypothesis tests • Presentation of modern industrial coordinate production instruments (Laser Tracker, Articulated Arms) • Operation principles • Applications • Management or Quality Assurance Systems

LECTURES 1. Introduction to Thematic Cartography 2. Thematic maps’ data sources and characteristics 3. Descriptive statistics, data classification and spatial interpolation 4. Mapping qualitative data with point, linear, and areal symbols 5. Proportional symbol maps 6. Flow mapping 7. Choropleth/dasymetric mapping 8. Isarithmic mapping 9. Statistical surfaces 10. Dot maps 11. Cartograms 12. Bivariate / multivariate mapping 13. Web mapping and animated / interactive maps 14. Map design and use of color for thematic maps LABORATORY EXERCISES Exercise 1: Qualitative point symbol map Exercise 2: Proportional symbol map Exercise 3: Flow map Exercise 4: Spatial interpolation Exercise 5: Isopleth map Exercise 6: Choropleth map Exercise 7: Statistical surface Exercise 8: Dot map Exercise 9: Cartogram Exercise 10: Bivariate map Exercise 11: Population change map Exercise 12: Map animation Exercise 13: Dasymetric map